{"id":36956,"date":"2023-04-26T06:46:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T06:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/cultures\/sojabohne\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T13:36:50","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:36:50","slug":"soja","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/soja\/","title":{"rendered":"Soja"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Soja<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Section #articles” module_id=”articles” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#eeeeee” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” height=”0px” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Search Articles” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#eeeeee” custom_padding=”0px||6px|0px|false|false” sticky_position=”top” sticky_position_tablet=”none” sticky_position_phone=”” sticky_position_last_edited=”on|desktop” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”2_3,1_3″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”98%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” module_alignment=”center” custom_padding=”12px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”2_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”10px||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_search_article filter_categories=”on” category=”76″ show_title=”off” module_class=”leftside” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” module_alignment=”left” custom_margin=”|||0px|false|false” custom_padding=”|||0px|false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_search_article][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_3″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”10px||10px||false|false” custom_padding_tablet=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding_phone=”” custom_padding_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Search Articles” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#FFFFFF” z_index=”10″ custom_padding=”0px||5px|0px|false|false” sticky_position=”top” sticky_offset_top=”92px” sticky_offset_surrounding=”off” sticky_position_tablet=”none” sticky_position_phone=”” sticky_position_last_edited=”on|desktop” border_color_bottom=”#FFFFFF” box_shadow_style=”preset3″ box_shadow_vertical=”3px” box_shadow_blur=”8px” box_shadow_color=”#FFFFFF” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” border_color_bottom__sticky_enabled=”on|sticky” border_color_bottom__sticky=”#eeeeee” box_shadow_color__sticky_enabled=”on|sticky” box_shadow_color__sticky=”rgba(178,178,178,0.59)”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” width_tablet=”” width_phone=”98%” width_last_edited=”on|phone” custom_padding=”6px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Ergebnisse” module_id=”article_searchinfo” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”17px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”10px||10px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Navi Ergebnisse” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”17px” custom_margin=”0px||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

En savoir plus sur le soja<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(208,223,144,0.15)” custom_padding=”15px||15px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_article_list type=”on|on|on|off” language=”on|off” headline_div=”article_searchinfo” headline_text=”Nos articles sur” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” hover_enabled=”0″ global_colors_info=”{}” no_matches_intro=”<\/p>\n

Des informations seront bient\u00f4t disponibles ici. Nous sommes en train d’\u00e9laborer et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger en permanence de nouveaux contenus.<\/p>\n

” sticky_enabled=”0″][\/et_pb_article_list][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”Section #disc” module_id=”disc” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”rgba(208,223,144,0.15)” height=”92px” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Inhalt” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||100px||false|false” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Einleitung” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”2em” header_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_font_size=”34px” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

En savoir plus sur le soja<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=”#ffca67″ divider_weight=”3px” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” max_width=”80px” height=”3px” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]
\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Einleitung” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Le soja, Glycine max (L.) Merr. est une esp\u00e8ce du genre Glycine. C’est une plante herbac\u00e9e annuelle \u00e0 croissance rapide, pouvant atteindre 2 m de haut et dot\u00e9e d’une racine pivotante qui peut s’\u00e9tendre jusqu’\u00e0 2 m de profondeur.<\/p>\n

Les racines portent des nodules lorsqu’elles sont inocul\u00e9es avec la bact\u00e9rie fixatrice d’azote Bradyrhizobium japonicum. Le soja est cultiv\u00e9 depuis plus de 3 500 ans. Il est originaire de Chine et constitue actuellement la source la plus importante d’aliments pour b\u00e9tail riches en prot\u00e9ines utilis\u00e9s en Europe. La majeure partie du soja utilis\u00e9 en Europe est import\u00e9e, et environ dix millions de tonnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 produites en Europe en 2019. Le rendement moyen est d’environ 2,3 t \/ ha, mais peut atteindre plus de 5 t \/ ha dans les endroits favoris\u00e9s en Europe. Le haricot lui-m\u00eame est riche en prot\u00e9ines (environ 40 %) et en huile (environ 20 %). Elle est tr\u00e8s appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e en raison de la combinaison de prot\u00e9ines et d’huile et de la haute qualit\u00e9 nutritionnelle des prot\u00e9ines. Pour l’alimentation animale, le soja est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement transform\u00e9 pour augmenter sa digestibilit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duire certains facteurs antinutritionnels. Il est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 pour des produits alimentaires tels que le tofu, le tempeh ou le lait de soja.<\/p>\n

Le tourteau de soja est un intrant majeur dans la production animale intensive. Le soja peut \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9 dans la plupart des types de sol, mais il pr\u00e9f\u00e8re les endroits chauds et bien drain\u00e9s. Le soja sauvage est une plante \u00e0 jours courts. Les jours longs ou rallong\u00e9s emp\u00eachent l’initiation de la floraison chez la plupart des cultivars. La sensibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la longueur du jour varie selon les cultivars et c’est le trait le plus important qui d\u00e9termine l’ad\u00e9quation d’un cultivar \u00e0 un emplacement et la date de semis. Sem\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement en mars et avril, lorsque la temp\u00e9rature du sol a atteint environ 9 \u00b0C, le soja arrive \u00e0 maturit\u00e9 en septembre ou octobre dans la plupart des r\u00e9gions de culture europ\u00e9ennes. La r\u00e9colte \u00e0 l’aide d’une moissonneuse-batteuse s’effectue lorsque les feuilles sont tomb\u00e9es et que le taux d’humidit\u00e9 des graines est inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 20 %, id\u00e9alement autour de 13 %.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Inhalt” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”#f6f6f6″ custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||100px||false|false” locked=”off” collapsed=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Keinen passenden Artikel gefunden?” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”2em” header_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_font_size=”34px” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Vous n’avez pas trouv\u00e9 de contenu correspondant \u00e0 votre recherche ?<\/h1>\n

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Pour en savoir plus surle soja, visitez le site de Legume Hub Europe.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_button button_url=”https:\/\/www.legumehub.eu\/” url_new_window=”on” button_text=”Vers le site Legume Hub Europe” disabled_on=”off|off|off” admin_label=”More Button: green CTA ” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_button=”on” button_text_color=”#FFFFFF” button_bg_color=”#6A9869″ button_border_color=”#6A9869″ button_border_radius=”0px” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}” button_bg_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_bg_color__hover=”#FFCA67″ button_bg_enable_color__hover=”on” button_border_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_border_color__hover=”#FFCA67″ button_text_color__hover_enabled=”on|hover” button_text_color__hover=”#000000″][\/et_pb_button][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”on|on|on” admin_label=”Section #projekt” module_id=”projekt” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_color=”RGBA(255,255,255,0)” height=”92px” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” disabled=”on” locked=”off” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”0px||0px||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_divider show_divider=”off” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_divider][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ disabled_on=”on|on|on” admin_label=”Inhalt” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” background_enable_color=”off” custom_margin=”||0px||false|false” custom_padding=”||100px||false|false” disabled=”on” locked=”off” collapsed=”on” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”default” custom_margin=”||||false|false” custom_padding=”||||false|false” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text admin_label=”Einleitung” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font_size=”20px” text_line_height=”2em” header_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_font_size=”34px” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Projets<\/h1>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=”Einleitung” _builder_version=”4.21.0″ _module_preset=”ffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c” text_font=”||||||||” text_font_size=”17px” text_line_height=”1.6em” header_font=”||||||||” header_2_font=”Noto Serif||||||||” header_2_font_size=”40px” header_2_line_height=”1.4em” header_2_font_size_tablet=”30px” header_2_font_size_phone=”24px” header_2_font_size_last_edited=”on|phone” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Relay Intercropping \u2013 Ein ressourcenschonendes Anbausystem f\u00fcr Soja in Mischkultur in der Praxis weiterentwickeln<\/h3>\n

Die Staffelkultur, auch Relay Intercropping (RI) genannt, soll eine lange Bodenbedeckung und weniger Bodenbearbeitung erm\u00f6glichen. Zwei Kulturen werden zeitversetzt ineinander angebaut. Beim RI wird Wintergetreide wie eine Reihenkultur anges\u00e4t, dazwischen sind Abst\u00e4nde \u00e4hnlich Fahrgassen. Die Soja wird im Mai\/Juni in die Reihen einges\u00e4t und w\u00e4chst bis zur Getreideernte mit dem Getreide mit.<\/p>\n

Das Wintergetreide beschattet die Soja, optimalerweise genug, um Unkr\u00e4uter am Keimen zu hindern; jedoch nicht zu stark, so dass die Soja in ihrer Entwicklung nicht behindert wird. Sp\u00e4ter unterdr\u00fcckt die Soja das Unkraut in den Reihen. Nach der mit grosser Schnitth\u00f6he durchgef\u00fchrten Getreideernte ist die Soja gut entwickelt und kann Licht und W\u00e4rme der Sommer- und Herbstmonate bis zur Ernte in Ertrag umsetzen. Ein etwaiger Ertragsverlust beim Getreide soll durch die zus\u00e4tzliche Sojaernte mehr als kompensiert werden.<\/p>\n

In Zusammenarbeit mit Bio- und \u00d6LN Betrieben werden Tastversuche angelegt um die Ideen, wie diese Anbautechnik zu entwickeln sei, auszuprobieren. J\u00e4hrlich wird es einen Flurgang und eine Auswertungsveranstaltung der Teilnehmer geben.<\/p>\n

Zum Projekt in der FIBL Projektdatenbank
<\/strong>Relay Intercropping \u2013 Ein ressourcenschonendes Anbausystem f\u00fcr Soja in Mischkultur in der Praxis weiterentwickeln<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Entwicklung von Selektionssystemen und partizipativer Z\u00fcchtung auf Unkrautunterdr\u00fcckung bzw. -toleranz f\u00fcr Schweizer Soja<\/h3>\n

Im Biosojaanbau verursacht Unkraut bei langsamer Bestandesentwicklung und Sp\u00e4tverunkrautung die gr\u00f6ssten Probleme und Ertragsverluste. Daher soll das Merkmal Unkrautunterdr\u00fcckung nicht erst an der fertigen Sorte getestet, sondern bereits im Z\u00fcchtungsprozess ber\u00fccksichtigt werden. Ziel des Projekts ist es, verschiedene Selektionssysteme f\u00fcr Unkrautunterdr\u00fcckung, bzw. Unkrauttoleranz zu entwickeln und mit der Selektion auf lokale Anpassung und Speisesojaeignung zu kombinieren, um die Anbaueignung f\u00fcr den Biolandbau zu erh\u00f6hen.<\/p>\n

Dabei werden sowohl direkte Selektionsverfahren (Anbau mit Einsaaten von k\u00fcnstlichem Unkraut) sowie indirekte Selektionskriterien (korrelierte Merkmale die auch bei Abwesenheit von Beikr\u00e4utern sicher erfasst werden k\u00f6nnen) miteinander verglichen und in On-Farm Versuchen unter Biobedingungen verifiziert. Ausserdem soll Prebreeding Material f\u00fcr den Aufbau einer partizipativen On-Farm Selektion durch praktische Landwirte unter Biobedingungen aufgebaut werden.<\/p>\n

Zum Projekt in der FIBL Projektdatenbank
<\/strong>Entwicklung von Selektionssystemen und partizipativer Z\u00fcchtung auf Unkrautunterdr\u00fcckung bzw. -toleranz f\u00fcr Schweizer Soja<\/a><\/p>\n

Outputs<\/strong>
Organic soybean production in Switzerland<\/a> (PDF, 2 MB)<\/p>\n

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