{"id":36913,"date":"2023-04-26T06:44:32","date_gmt":"2023-04-26T06:44:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/cultures\/erbse\/"},"modified":"2023-08-03T13:34:06","modified_gmt":"2023-08-03T13:34:06","slug":"pois","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/","title":{"rendered":"Pois"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Pois<\/h1>\n

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En savoir plus sur le pois<\/a><\/p>\n

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Des informations seront bient\u00f4t disponibles ici. Nous sommes en train d’\u00e9laborer et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger en permanence de nouveaux contenus.<\/p>\n

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En savoir plus sur le pois<\/h1>\n

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\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbEinleitung\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb17px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.6em\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbNoto Serif||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.4em\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb30px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb24px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Le pois est \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \u00ab\u00a0pois sec\u00a0\u00bb. Le pois est important pour l’alimentation durable et locale du b\u00e9tail et constitue une opportunit\u00e9 id\u00e9ale pour produire des rations alimentaires sans OGM.<\/p>\n

Les possibilit\u00e9s de commercialisation des pois destin\u00e9s \u00e0 la consommation humaine se d\u00e9veloppent rapidement en Europe. Les pois sont des l\u00e9gumineuses annuelles et sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement sem\u00e9s au d\u00e9but du printemps, mais avec l’\u00e9volution des conditions climatiques, les esp\u00e8ces de pois d’hiver sem\u00e9es en automne sont plus couramment introduites dans les syst\u00e8mes agricoles. Il existe deux types de feuilles chez les pois en Europe.<\/p>\n

L’un avec des feuilles normales penn\u00e9es et des vrilles terminales, avec une longueur de plante de 90 \u00e0 180 cm et une croissance ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e, et le second type, le type semi-sans feuilles, avec de grandes stipules et des folioles qui sont r\u00e9duites \u00e0 des vrilles, une hauteur de plante de 60 \u00e0 120 cm et une croissance d\u00e9termin\u00e9e. Les pois ont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une seule tige. Une forte ramification n’est qu’un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne du pois d’hiver en raison de ses habitudes de croissance et d’hivernage. Certains types semi-ferm\u00e9s pr\u00e9sentent moins de verse et sont donc plus faciles \u00e0 r\u00e9colter. Le type \u00e0 feuilles normales est de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence cultiv\u00e9 en m\u00e9lange avec des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales pour \u00e9viter la verse. La plupart des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s ont des fleurs blanches avec des graines jaune p\u00e2le ou vertes, dont l’enveloppe est transparente. Les pois \u00e0 fleurs violettes ont des t\u00e9guments fonc\u00e9s et contiennent des tanins. Les pois pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent les sols l\u00e9gers \u00e0 mi-lourds, faciles \u00e0 r\u00e9chauffer, meubles et bien drain\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Les rendements les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s sont obtenus sur des sols argileux profonds et riches en humus. Le pH du sol doit \u00eatre neutre \u00e0 l\u00e9g\u00e8rement acide. Un bon approvisionnement en eau, surtout pour la germination et pendant la floraison, est n\u00e9cessaire. Cependant, il faut \u00e9viter les endroits qui sont sujets \u00e0 l’engorgement ou au compactage. Les pois pr\u00e9f\u00e8rent un climat mod\u00e9r\u00e9ment humide, pas trop chaud. Le stress thermique et hydrique r\u00e9duit le rendement des pois. Leur r\u00e9sistance au gel d\u00e9pend de la vari\u00e9t\u00e9 : Alors que le pois d’\u00e9t\u00e9 peut supporter des gel\u00e9es tardives jusqu’\u00e0 -4 \u00b0 C, les vari\u00e9t\u00e9s d’hiver \u00e0 fleurs blanches peuvent r\u00e9sister \u00e0 des gel\u00e9es jusqu’\u00e0 -15 \u00b0 C et le pois \u00e0 fleurs violettes jusqu’\u00e0 environ -20 \u00b0 C.<\/p>\n

La teneur en prot\u00e9ines brutes du pois est comprise entre 18 et 29 % en mati\u00e8re s\u00e8che. Le rendement du pois varie de 20 \u00e0 55 dt \/ ha, mais peut aussi atteindre un rendement maximal de 70 dt \/ ha. En agriculture biologique, les rendements sont plus faibles que dans les syst\u00e8mes de culture conventionnels. L’une des raisons de la volatilit\u00e9 des rendements est l’auto-intol\u00e9rance. C’est pourquoi une pause de cinq \u00e0 dix ans dans la culture est recommand\u00e9e. Toutefois, des rotations avec d’autres esp\u00e8ces de l\u00e9gumineuses dans des cycles plus courts sont possibles.<\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbInhalt\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#f6f6f6″ custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||0px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||100px||false|false\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb collapsed=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00a0\u00bb3_4,1_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_margin=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||||false|false\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_4″ _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbKeinen passenden Artikel gefunden?\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb20px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb2em\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bbNoto Serif||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb34px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbNoto Serif||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.4em\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb30px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb24px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Vous n’avez pas trouv\u00e9 de contenu correspondant \u00e0 votre recherche ?<\/h1>\n

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Pour en savoir plus sur le pois, visitez le site de Legume Hub Europe.<\/p>\n

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Projets<\/h1>\n

[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_divider color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffca67″ divider_weight=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.16″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb80px\u00a0\u00bb height=\u00a0\u00bb3px\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]
\n[\/et_pb_divider][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbEinleitung\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.21.0″ _module_preset=\u00a0\u00bbffce4a38-45a8-466d-a303-feb3e003896c\u00a0\u00bb text_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb text_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb17px\u00a0\u00bb text_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.6em\u00a0\u00bb header_font=\u00a0\u00bb||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font=\u00a0\u00bbNoto Serif||||||||\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00a0\u00bb1.4em\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb30px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_phone=\u00a0\u00bb24px\u00a0\u00bb header_2_font_size_last_edited=\u00a0\u00bbon|phone\u00a0\u00bb locked=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00a0\u00bb{}\u00a0\u00bb]<\/p>\n

PROMISE – Nachhaltige Proteinversorgung mit Mischkulturen in der Schweiz \u2013 Erbse und Linse im Fokus<\/h3>\n

Das Projekt PROMISE will die Mischkultursysteme Erbse-Gerste und Linse-Erbse systematisch untersuchen und mit dem Reinanbau vergleichen.\u00a0PROMISE ist das Folgeprojekt von ReMIX. Ziel ist es die Praxistauglichkeit der Mischkultursysteme zu optimieren und dadurch den Leguminosenanbau in der Schweiz zu f\u00f6rdern. Im Fokus der Untersuchungen steht dabei der Einfluss auf Kornertrag, Proteinertrag, Ausbreitung von Krankheiten, Sch\u00e4dlingen und Begleitflora, N Nachlieferung f\u00fcr die Folgekultur und die Akkumulation der Pathogene in der Leguminosen-Fruchtfolge.<\/p>\n

Dabei gilt spezielles Augenmerk f\u00fcr die Symptome der Bodenm\u00fcdigkeit bei Erbse und Linse. In den Versuchen sollen verschiedene Idiotypen von Erbse und Linse verwendet werden, um breiter abgest\u00fctzte und wissenschaftlich fundierte Schlussfolgerungen f\u00fcr die betreffenden Kulturarten treffen zu k\u00f6nnen. Durch die Optimierung der Auswahl der Mischungspartner und z\u00fcchterische Verbesserung der Idiotypen soll die Anbauw\u00fcrdigkeit der Leguminosen erh\u00f6ht und die Anbaupausen in der Fruchtfolge reduziert werden. Neue nicht-destruktive Methoden und Tools der Merkmalserfassung sollen in diesem Projekt gepr\u00fcft und falls geeignet implementiert werden. Die Versuche werden auf Biobetrieben durchgef\u00fchrt in engem Austausch mit den Landwirten und kantonalen Bioberatern. Die erfolgreichen Verfahren werden in Demoversuchen angebaut und vor Ort mit den Landwirten diskutiert und in bioaktuell und Fachzeitschriften publiziert.<\/p>\n

Zum Projekt in der FIBL Projektdatenbank
<\/strong>PROMISE – Nachhaltige Proteinversorgung mit Mischkulturen in der Schweiz \u2013 Erbse und Linse im Fokus<\/a><\/p>\n

Outputs<\/strong>
Optimising species complementarities in mixed cropping systems to secure local protein supply<\/a> (PDF, 340 KB)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Z\u00fcchtung f\u00fcr die Etablierung Schweizer Erbsen in Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung- ZESELE<\/h3>\n

Das Verbundprojekt ZESELE f\u00f6rdert die Entwicklung Schweizer Erbsensorten durch vier Massnahmen: Erstens, Etablierung von Analysen f\u00fcr die Selektion hochqualitativer Erbsensorten f\u00fcr innovative Lebens- und Futtermittel, unter Beachtung der Qualit\u00e4tsanforderungen an inl\u00e4ndische Eiweissfuttermitteln und der Eignung f\u00fcr industrielle Verarbeitbarkeit im Lebensmittelsektor.<\/p>\n

Zweitens, Z\u00fcchtung\/Selektion standortangepasster und resistenter Erbsensorten unter Beachtung klimatischer Ver\u00e4nderungen. Innerhalb des Zuchtprogramms werden Untersuchungsmethoden f\u00fcr Trockenheitstoleranz, Resistenz gegen\u00fcber den dringlichen biotischen Stressfaktoren Samenk\u00e4fer, Nanovirus und Brennfleckenkrankheit etabliert. F\u00fcr eine ressourceneffiziente Integration der Erbsen in Fruchtfolgen wird deren Stickstofffixierungsleistung und die Z\u00fcchtung f\u00fcr diese Eigenschaft untersucht.<\/p>\n

Drittens, Steigerung der Z\u00fcchtungseffizienz f\u00fcr die Umsetzung dringlicher Zuchtziele durch Etablierung des Single-Seed-Decent Verfahrens in der Erbsenz\u00fcchtung. Viertens, Erweiterung bestehender Kooperation mit Forschung und Z\u00fcchtung im In- und Ausland zur Steigerung des Wissenstransfers und des Austauschs von pflanzengenetischem Material f\u00fcr Anbau und Z\u00fcchtung.<\/p>\n

Zum Projekt in der FIBL Projektdatenbank
<\/strong>Z\u00fcchtung f\u00fcr die Etablierung Schweizer Erbsen in Landwirtschaft und Ern\u00e4hrung- ZESELE<\/a><\/p>\n

Outputs<\/strong>
K\u00f6rnerleguminosen aus Sicht der gzpk<\/a> (PDF, 2 MB)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Verbesserung der Krankheitsresistenz der Erbse unter Einbezug der Schnittstelle Pflanze-Boden<\/h3>\n

Das Projekt befasst sich mit einem der gr\u00f6ssten Hindernisse der pflanzlichen Eiweissproduktion: Ein Ph\u00e4nomen namens Boden- oder Leguminosenm\u00fcdigkeit, das durch einen Komplex von bodenb\u00fcrtigen Pathogenen verursacht wird. Wurzel- und Fusskrankheiten k\u00f6nnen bei Leguminosen, insbesondere bei der Erbse, grossen Schaden, bis hin zum Totalausfall der Ernte, hervorrufen. Aufgrund fehlender Resistenzen in modernen Sorten ist der Erbsenanbau weltweit beeintr\u00e4chtigt. Nachhaltige L\u00f6sungen sind erforderlich, besonders f\u00fcr Biolandwirte, die auf diese \u00f6kologisch wichtigen Stickstoff-Fixierer nicht verzichten k\u00f6nnen.<\/p>\n

Hauptziel des Projektes ist, die Resistenz der Erbse gegen bodenb\u00fcrtige Krankheitskomplexe zu verbessern, um eine h\u00f6here Anbaufrequenz von K\u00f6rnerleguminosen zu gew\u00e4hrleisten. Die Untersuchung des Einflusses von Wurzelexudaten auf die Inhibierung oder F\u00f6rderung von Erregern und n\u00fctzlichen Mikroben wird wesentlich dazu beitragen, die Resistenzmechanismen zu verstehen und somit nutzbar zu machen.<\/p>\n

Zum Projekt in der FIBL Projektdatenbank
<\/strong>Verbesserung der Krankheitsresistenz der Erbse unter Einbezug der Schnittstelle Pflanze-Boden<\/a><\/p>\n

Outputs<\/strong>
Leguminosenm\u00fcdigkeit<\/a> (PDF, 601 KB)
YouTube: Teaming up with soil microbes<\/a><\/p>\n

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Nous sommes en train d'\u00e9laborer et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger en permanence de nouveaux contenus.\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_article_list]En savoir plus sur le pois Le pois est \u00e9galement connu sous le nom de \"pois sec\". Le pois est […]","og_url":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/","og_site_name":"Swiss Legume Hub","article_modified_time":"2023-08-03T13:34:06+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1620,"height":1080,"url":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/legume_hub_donau_soja_shutterstock_76003189-1fd87065.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"18 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/","url":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/","name":"Pois - Swiss Legume Hub","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/legume_hub_donau_soja_shutterstock_76003189-1fd87065.jpg","datePublished":"2023-04-26T06:44:32+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-03T13:34:06+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/legume_hub_donau_soja_shutterstock_76003189-1fd87065.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/legume_hub_donau_soja_shutterstock_76003189-1fd87065.jpg","width":1620,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/pois\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Startseite","item":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Cultures","item":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/cultures\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Pois"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/","name":"Swiss Legume Hub","description":"Knowledge platform for legumes","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36913","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36913"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36913\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38251,"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36913\/revisions\/38251"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/36885"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3882"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/swiss.legumehub.eu\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36913"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}